https://selvi.org/en/blog/ Fire protection engineering guides on NFPA, BS EN 12845 and FM Global standards. en Tue, 29 Sep 2026 21:28:13 +0000 © 2026 Fatih Selvi selvi.org static (scripts/build-feeds.py) https://selvi.org/images/og-selvi-en.pnghttps://selvi.org/en/blog/ https://selvi.org/en/blog/saha/insurance-claim-denial-reasons https://selvi.org/en/blog/saha/insurance-claim-denial-reasons Unreported impairments, missing ITM records and occupancy drift from the design basis: three reasons fire claims are declined, and how to prevent them. Field Notes Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/saha/wrong-k-factor-selection-cost https://selvi.org/en/blog/saha/wrong-k-factor-selection-cost A worked Q = K√P example: how the wrong sprinkler K-factor distorts pump pressure, tank volume and ESFR/CMSA design, and what a retrofit really involves. Field Notes Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-system-acceptance-and-testing https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-system-acceptance-and-testing NFPA 13 acceptance tests: 13.8 bar two-hour hydrostatic test, 2.8 bar 24-hour dry system air test, flushing, trip and alarm tests, and handover documents. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/saha/sprinkler-installation-mistakes-gallery https://selvi.org/en/blog/saha/sprinkler-installation-mistakes-gallery Deflector distance, duct and beam obstructions, painted heads, caps, escutcheons, orientation, hangers and storage clearance: 10 mistakes, sketched. Field Notes Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/sports-hall-and-stadium-fire-protection https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/sports-hall-and-stadium-fire-protection Sports hall and stadium fire protection: classification, high ceilings, under-stand spaces, smoke control, water supply, PA integration, BYKHY and a checklist. Solution Guides Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-special-occupancies-and-referenced-standards https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-special-occupancies-and-referenced-standards NFPA 13 special occupancy requirements and referenced standards: links to NFPA 30, 33, 45, 75, 96, 409 and 909, edition alignment and common mix-ups. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-seismic-protection https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-seismic-protection NFPA 13 seismic protection: flexible coupling locations, clearance at penetrations, 12.2 m lateral and 24.4 m longitudinal brace spacing, Fpw = Cp·Wp loads. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/residential-apartment-fire-protection https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/residential-apartment-fire-protection Residential fire protection: NFPA 13/13R and EN 16925, residential sprinklers, car parks and lockers, pressure, alarm and smoke control, BYKHY and a checklist. Solution Guides Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/saha/quick-response-vs-standard-response-sprinklers https://selvi.org/en/blog/saha/quick-response-vs-standard-response-sprinklers Quick vs standard response sprinklers: RTI, mandatory and prohibited uses, mixing rules, dry systems, ESFR and identifying them on site by SIN. Field Notes Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/plastics-injection-moulding-plant-fire-protection https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/plastics-injection-moulding-plant-fire-protection Plastics moulding plant fire protection: classification, hydraulic units, dust, plastics storage and ESFR, water supply, smoke venting, BYKHY and a checklist. Solution Guides Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-plans-and-hydraulic-calculations https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-plans-and-hydraulic-calculations NFPA 13 working plans and hydraulic calculations: Hazen-Williams, C-factors, equivalent lengths, junction balancing, supply curve and the hydraulic data sign. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/pharmaceutical-plant-cleanroom-fire-protection https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/pharmaceutical-plant-cleanroom-fire-protection Pharma fire protection: cleanroom sprinklers, pressure cascade and smoke scenario, solvents and ATEX, clean agents, firewater retention, BYKHY and a checklist. Solution Guides Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/office-building-fire-protection https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/office-building-fire-protection Office fire protection: hazard class, concealed voids, archives and car parks, water supply, alarm and smoke control interface, Turkish rules and a checklist. Solution Guides Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-water-supplies https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-water-supplies NFPA 13 water supplies: acceptable sources, flow tests, safety margin, hose allowance and duration by hazard class, and how to size the tank. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-underground-piping https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-underground-piping Underground fire mains under NFPA 13 and NFPA 24: pipe materials, frost depth, thrust blocks and restrained joints, flushing, 200 psi hydrostatic test. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-system-types https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-system-types NFPA 13 system types: wet, dry, pre-action, deluge and antifreeze; the 30% area increase, dry system volume limits and the listed antifreeze rule. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-system-components-pipe-fittings-valves https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-system-components-pipe-fittings-valves NFPA 13 system components: pipe wall thickness by joining method, CPVC limits, fitting rules, indicating valves and control valve supervision. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-standard-spray-sprinklers https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-standard-spray-sprinklers NFPA 13 standard spray sprinklers: S × L coverage, maximum area and spacing by hazard, the 0.5 bar (7 psi) minimum pressure and deflector position. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-scope-purpose-structure https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-scope-purpose-structure What NFPA 13 covers, what it leaves to NFPA 20, 22, 24 and 25, how it is organised and why edition differences matter, explained by an engineer. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-residential-sprinklers https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-residential-sprinklers Residential sprinklers in NFPA 13: where they are allowed, the four-sprinkler and 0.1 gpm/ft² rule, deflector distances and differences from 13R and 13D. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-obstruction-rules https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-obstruction-rules NFPA 13 obstruction rules: the beam rule, the three-times rule and 24 in cap, sprinklers under obstructions over 4 ft wide, EC, residential and ESFR. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-general-sprinkler-location-rules https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-general-sprinkler-location-rules NFPA 13 general location rules: ceiling and construction type, 1.8 m minimum spacing, wall and storage clearances, concealed spaces, special locations. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-general-requirements https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-general-requirements NFPA 13 general requirements: listed products, complete coverage, 52,000 and 40,000 ft² per-riser limits and the 175 psi component rating. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-extended-coverage-sprinklers https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-extended-coverage-sprinklers NFPA 13 EC sprinklers: listed square coverage up to 37.2 m² (400 ft²), 2.4 m minimum spacing, hydraulics on listed area and stricter obstruction rules. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-definitions-core-concepts https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-definitions-core-concepts Listed vs approved, quick response and RTI, obstructed construction, concealed spaces and area of operation in NFPA 13, and how each shapes design. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-rubber-tire-storage https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-rubber-tire-storage NFPA 13 rubber tyre storage: on-side, on-tread, laced and rack arrangements, protection approach, FM Global DS 8-3 equivalent and common site mistakes. Data Tables Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-roll-paper-storage https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-roll-paper-storage NFPA 13 roll paper: heavyweight, medium, lightweight and tissue; vertical/horizontal, banded/unbanded, wrapped storage. Protection, FM DS 8-21, mistakes. Data Tables Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-ordinary-hazard-group-2 https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-ordinary-hazard-group-2 NFPA 13 OH2 design data: 8.2 mm/min over 139 m² to 6.9 mm/min over 372 m², 250 gpm hose allowance, 60–90 min, 130 ft² per sprinkler. Data Tables Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-ordinary-hazard-group-1 https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-ordinary-hazard-group-1 NFPA 13 OH1 design data: 6.1 mm/min over 139 m² to 4.9 mm/min over 372 m², 250 gpm hose allowance, 60–90 min, 130 ft² per sprinkler. Data Tables Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-light-hazard https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-light-hazard NFPA 13 LH design data: 4.1 mm/min over 139 m² to 2.9 mm/min over 279 m², 100 gpm hose allowance, 30 min, 225 ft² per sprinkler. Data Tables Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-idle-pallet-storage https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-idle-pallet-storage NFPA 13 idle pallet storage: wood vs plastic pallets, indoor and outdoor storage, pallets in racks, plastic pallets raising commodity class, FM DS 8-24. Data Tables Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/guides/nfpa-13-hazard-classification-guide https://selvi.org/en/blog/guides/nfpa-13-hazard-classification-guide NFPA 13 LH, OH1, OH2, EH1 and EH2: definitions, examples, density/area curves, hose allowance and duration, mixed occupancies and the storage threshold. Comprehensive Guides Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-group-c-plastics https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-group-c-plastics NFPA 13 Group C plastics: rigid PVC, PTFE, PCTFE, PVDC, PVDF, melamine, phenolics, urea formaldehyde. Protected as Class III; examples and mistakes. Data Tables Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-group-b-plastics https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-group-b-plastics NFPA 13 Group B plastics: nylon, silicone rubber, chloroprene, cellulosics and some fluoroplastics. Protected as Class IV; examples and common mistakes. Data Tables Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-group-a-plastics https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-group-a-plastics NFPA 13 Group A plastics: PE, PP, PS, ABS, PET, polyurethane. Expanded vs unexpanded, cartoned vs exposed, protection approach and FM equivalents. Data Tables Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-extra-hazard-group-2 https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-extra-hazard-group-2 NFPA 13 EH2 design data: 16.3 mm/min over 232 m² to 15.5 mm/min over 464 m², 500 gpm hose allowance, 90–120 min, 100 ft² per sprinkler. Data Tables Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-extra-hazard-group-1 https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-extra-hazard-group-1 NFPA 13 EH1 design data: 12.2 mm/min over 232 m² to 11.4 mm/min over 464 m², 500 gpm hose allowance, 90–120 min, 100 ft² per sprinkler. Data Tables Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-design-approaches https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-design-approaches NFPA 13 design approaches: density/area by hazard class, hose allowance, duration, the room design method, and quick-response and dry system area adjustments. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-class-iv-commodity https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-class-iv-commodity NFPA 13 Class IV: 5–15% by weight or 5–25% by volume Group A plastics, Group B plastics or free-flowing Group A plastics. Examples and protection approach. Data Tables Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-class-iii-commodity https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-class-iii-commodity NFPA 13 Class III commodity: wood, paper, natural fibre and Group C plastic goods with up to 5% Group A/B plastics. Examples, protection and site mistakes. Data Tables Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-class-ii-commodity https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-class-ii-commodity NFPA 13 Class II commodity: noncombustible product in wooden crates or multi-wall cartons. Examples, class changes, protection approach and site mistakes. Data Tables Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-class-i-commodity https://selvi.org/en/blog/data/nfpa-13-class-i-commodity NFPA 13 Class I commodity: noncombustible product on wood pallets or in single-layer cartons. Examples, packaging traps, protection and FM equivalent. Data Tables Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-modifying-existing-systems https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-modifying-existing-systems Modifying an existing sprinkler system: hydraulic re-evaluation, a fresh flow test, sprinkler compatibility, the 20-sprinkler test rule and impairment control. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-installing-piping-valves-appurtenances https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-installing-piping-valves-appurtenances NFPA 13 piping and valve installation: control valve supervision, main drain sizes, inspector's test, fire department connection, gauges, relief valves, pitch. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-in-rack-sprinklers https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-in-rack-sprinklers NFPA 13 in-rack sprinkler guide: when they are required, placement in flue spaces, water shields, hydraulic balance with ceiling sprinklers, damage and upkeep. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/saha/hydraulic-calculation-error-checklist https://selvi.org/en/blog/saha/hydraulic-calculation-error-checklist Ten checks for reviewing a sprinkler hydraulic calculation: design area, C-factors, fittings, elevation, velocity, K-factors, hose allowance and node balance. Field Notes Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/hotel-fire-protection https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/hotel-fire-protection Hotel fire protection: guest room sprinklers, kitchens, saunas, chutes, alarm and smoke scenarios, Turkish BYKHY points, site mistakes and a design checklist. Solution Guides Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-hanging-and-support https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-hanging-and-support NFPA 13 hanger guide: 5× water-filled pipe plus 114 kg load criterion, steel pipe hanger spacing, end sprinkler distances, uplift restraint and site errors. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-general-requirements-for-storage https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-general-requirements-for-storage NFPA 13 storage basics: commodity classes, storage arrangements, storage and ceiling height, clearance, flue spaces, idle pallets and mixed commodities. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/food-processing-plant-fire-protection https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/food-processing-plant-fire-protection Food plant fire protection: hazard class, sandwich panel risk, fryer and dust protection, storage and water supply, detection, Turkish rules and a checklist. Solution Guides Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/guides/fire-water-tank-sizing-guide https://selvi.org/en/blog/guides/fire-water-tank-sizing-guide Fire water tank volume: demand, duration, hose allowance, dead volume, refill time, EN 12845 reduced capacity, NFPA 22 tank types, freezing and worked examples. Comprehensive Guides Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/guides/fire-pump-room-design-checklist https://selvi.org/en/blog/guides/fire-pump-room-design-checklist Pump room design: location, separation, access, suction, test header, relief valves, ventilation, fuel tank, controllers, signage; NFPA 20 and EN 12845. Comprehensive Guides Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/saha/impairment-management-procedure https://selvi.org/en/blog/saha/impairment-management-procedure Planned and emergency impairments, tags, notifications, fire watch, hot work restrictions and restoration testing: a step-by-step impairment procedure. Field Notes Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-8-3-rubber-tire-storage https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-8-3-rubber-tire-storage FM Global DS 8-3 summary: how tyres burn, stack arrangements, sprinkler and in-rack protection, drainage, outdoor tyre yards, NFPA 13 and EN 12845 differences. FM Global Guides Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-8-21-roll-paper-storage https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-8-21-roll-paper-storage FM Global DS 8-21 summary: paper grade and weight, on-end and horizontal rolls, arrays, banding and wrapping, sprinkler design, water absorption and NFPA 13. FM Global Guides Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-7-32-ignitable-liquid-operations https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-7-32-ignitable-liquid-operations FM Global DS 7-32 summary: spray, pool and running fire scenarios, limiting release duration, emergency shut-off, drainage, sprinklers, NFPA 30 and ATEX. FM Global Guides Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-7-29-ignitable-liquid-storage-portable-containers https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-7-29-ignitable-liquid-storage-portable-containers FM Global DS 7-29 summary: the ignitable liquid concept, container type, containment and drainage, segregation, sprinkler and foam-water protection, NFPA 30. FM Global Guides Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-5-4-transformers https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-5-4-transformers FM Global DS 5-4 summary: the transformer loss chain, condition monitoring, outdoor separation, fire barriers, oil containment, indoor vaults and water spray. FM Global Guides Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-5-32-data-centers https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-5-32-data-centers FM Global DS 5-32 summary: data centre loss drivers, sprinklers and pre-action, aisle containment, early smoke detection, Li-ion UPS and NFPA 75 differences. FM Global Guides Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-4-9-clean-agent-systems https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-4-9-clean-agent-systems FM Global DS 4-9 summary: halocarbon and inert gas agents, design concentration, door fan testing, venting, interlocks, and NFPA 2001 and EN 15004 differences. FM Global Guides Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000