https://selvi.org/en/blog/ Fire protection engineering guides on NFPA, BS EN 12845 and FM Global standards. en Sat, 31 Oct 2026 22:41:41 +0000 © 2026 Fatih Selvi selvi.org static (scripts/build-feeds.py) https://selvi.org/images/og-selvi-en.pnghttps://selvi.org/en/blog/ https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/nfpa-11-supplementary-hose-monitors https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/nfpa-11-supplementary-hose-monitors NFPA 11-2024 5.9 and 5.2.4: number and duration of supplementary foam hose streams, monitors and handlines as primary tank protection, the 1.5 factor. Foam & Flammable Liquids Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/nfpa-11-subsurface-foam-injection https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/nfpa-11-subsurface-foam-injection NFPA 11-2024 subsurface and semi-subsurface foam injection: where it is allowed, outlet table, 3/6 m/s velocity limits, 4.1 mm/min and discharge times. Foam & Flammable Liquids Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/nfpa-11-high-expansion-foam https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/nfpa-11-high-expansion-foam NFPA 11-2024 7.12: high-expansion foam depth and submergence volume, Table 7.12.7.1 times, the leakage and sprinkler discharge formula, worked example. Foam & Flammable Liquids Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/nfpa-11-concentrate-supply-proportioning https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/nfpa-11-concentrate-supply-proportioning NFPA 11-2024 Chapter 4: foam concentrate quantity, 24-hour reserve, storage tanks, compatibility, proportioner types and concentrate pump rules. Foam & Flammable Liquids Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/nfpa-11-floating-roof-seal-protection https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/nfpa-11-floating-roof-seal-protection NFPA 11-2024 floating roof seal protection: top-of-seal 12.2 mm/min for 20 min, below-seal 20.4 mm/min for 10 min, foam dam, spacing and internal roofs. Foam & Flammable Liquids Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/nfpa-11-fixed-roof-tank-foam https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/nfpa-11-fixed-roof-tank-foam NFPA 11-2024 fixed foam outlets on cone-roof tanks: 4.1 mm/min rate, 30/55 min times, outlet count by diameter, the 70 % rule and a worked example. Foam & Flammable Liquids Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/nfpa-11-dike-spill-loading-rack https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/nfpa-11-dike-spill-loading-rack NFPA 11-2024 foam for diked areas, nondiked spills and loading racks: 4.1 and 6.5 mm/min, 15/20/30 min times, low-level outlet spacing and examples. Foam & Flammable Liquids Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/nfpa-11-acceptance-tests-itm https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/nfpa-11-acceptance-tests-itm NFPA 11-2024 Chapters 12 and 13: flushing, hydrostatic and discharge tests, the −0/+30 % proportioning tolerance, signs, and ITM handed to NFPA 25. Foam & Flammable Liquids Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/turkey-foam-extinguishing-articles-98-122 https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/turkey-foam-extinguishing-articles-98-122 The Turkish Fire Protection Regulation gives no foam numbers: what Articles 98 and 122 require, the Guide's notes, new 98(7) and choosing NFPA 11 or EN 13565-2. Foam & Flammable Liquids Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fire-detection/turkey-existing-buildings-detection https://selvi.org/en/blog/fire-detection/turkey-existing-buildings-detection Fire detection in existing buildings in Turkey: Articles 161 and 143, overlap with the Annex 7 annulment, single panel rule, cables, lifts and deadlines. Fire Detection Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/turkey-underground-tanks-article-120 https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/turkey-underground-tanks-article-120 BYKHY Article 120: underground tank cover (60 cm soil, 10 cm concrete), traffic slab, Annex 12/Ç distances, 4 m vent, tank fittings and filling points. Foam & Flammable Liquids Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/turkey-liquid-storage-in-buildings https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/turkey-liquid-storage-in-buildings BYKHY Article 118: 120-minute liquid warehouses, basement ban, 5 stacks 3 m apart, 12,500 litres IA equivalent, Annex 12/A and Annex 12/B for factory stores. Foam & Flammable Liquids Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/turkey-hazard-zones-articles-116-117 https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/turkey-hazard-zones-articles-116-117 BYKHY Articles 116 and 117: Zone 0, 1 and 2 definitions, equipment limits and zone sizes at stores, tanks, filling points and fuel stations in Turkey. Foam & Flammable Liquids Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/turkey-fuel-station-article-121 https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/turkey-fuel-station-article-121 BYKHY Article 121: underground tanks only, 45,000 litres per tank and 250,000 per station, dispenser rules, extinguishers and Annex 13 distances in the Guide. Foam & Flammable Liquids Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/turkey-flammable-liquid-classes https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/turkey-flammable-liquid-classes Classes IA to IIIB under Article 113 of the Turkish Fire Protection Regulation: flash and boiling point limits, the heated-liquid rule and exemptions. Foam & Flammable Liquids Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fire-detection/turkey-emergency-control-cables https://selvi.org/en/blog/fire-detection/turkey-emergency-control-cables Turkish regulation Articles 82–83: fire-mode door, lift and pressurisation controls, panel priority, 60-minute fire-resistant and halogen-free cables. Fire Detection Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fire-detection/turkey-fire-alarm-interfaces https://selvi.org/en/blog/fire-detection/turkey-fire-alarm-interfaces Turkish regulation Articles 78–80: wiring sprinkler, gaseous suppression, smoke control and pressurisation signals to the fire panel; cause and effect. Fire Detection Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fire-detection/turkey-alarm-signalling-control-panel https://selvi.org/en/blog/fire-detection/turkey-alarm-signalling-control-panel Turkish regulation Articles 76 and 77: the three alarm channels to panel staff, occupants and fire brigade, and where control and repeater panels go. Fire Detection Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fire-detection/turkey-fire-alarm-testing-article-84 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fire-detection/turkey-fire-alarm-testing-article-84 Turkish regulation Article 84: who is responsible for periodic checks, tests and maintenance of fire detection, acceptance, out-of-service rules and records. Fire Detection Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fire-detection/turkey-audible-visual-alarms-article-81 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fire-detection/turkey-audible-visual-alarms-article-81 Turkish regulation Article 81: sounder levels (ambient +15 dBA, 75 dBA), visual alarms, pre-alarm limits, phased evacuation and voice alarm thresholds. Fire Detection Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fire-detection/turkey-article-75-automatic-detection https://selvi.org/en/blog/fire-detection/turkey-article-75-automatic-detection Turkish regulation Article 75 and Annex 7: when automatic fire detection is mandatory, the annulled rows, call point rules and TS EN 54-14 layout. Fire Detection Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/turkey-annex-11-maximum-liquid-quantities https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/turkey-annex-11-maximum-liquid-quantities Turkish Fire Protection Regulation: Annex 11 notification and permit thresholds, Article 114 filling rule, Article 115 maximum quantities in rooms and shops. Foam & Flammable Liquids Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/turkey-aboveground-tank-distances-bunds https://selvi.org/en/blog/foam-flammable-liquids/turkey-aboveground-tank-distances-bunds BYKHY Article 119: aboveground tank safety distances (Annex 12/C), bund volume and wall rules, protection zone and Annex 12/D for portable containers in Turkey. Foam & Flammable Liquids Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/guides/tree-loop-grid-sprinkler-pipework-hydraulic-calculation https://selvi.org/en/blog/guides/tree-loop-grid-sprinkler-pipework-hydraulic-calculation Sprinkler pipe layouts: tree, loop and grid. Dry system bans, most unfavourable and favourable areas, 1.2√A, pipe tables; NFPA 13 and EN 12845 side by side. Comprehensive Guides Mon, 26 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/guides/esfr-sprinklers-nfpa-13-en-12845-tables-and-prohibitions https://selvi.org/en/blog/guides/esfr-sprinklers-nfpa-13-en-12845-tables-and-prohibitions ESFR sprinklers to NFPA 13-2025 and EN 12845-2: every design table, layout rules, wet pipe only, water supply and 63 prohibitions, with clause numbers. Comprehensive Guides Mon, 26 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa/self-storage-fire-protection https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa/self-storage-fire-protection Self-storage fire protection: NFPA 13 OH2/EH1 hazard class, water demand, Turkish BYKHY compliance, smoke control, sprinkler type, pump sizing, checklist. NFPA Guides Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/comparison/ig-541-vs-hfc-227ea-vs-fk-5-1-12 https://selvi.org/en/blog/comparison/ig-541-vs-hfc-227ea-vs-fk-5-1-12 IG-541 vs HFC-227ea (FM-200) vs FK-5-1-12 per NFPA 2001-2025: design concentration, NOAEL and O₂ limits, discharge time, storage, quantity per m³ at 21 °C. Comparison Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-8-33-carousel-storage https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-8-33-carousel-storage FM DS 8-33 carousels: 6-12 mm/min ceiling densities over 186 m2, 84 L/min per in-rack sprinkler, 1.1 m separation and the horizontal carousel exception. FM Global Guides Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-8-30-carpet-storage https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-8-30-carpet-storage FM DS 8-30 carpet storage: in-rack sprinklers above 12 ft in standard racks, the 22 gpm rule, 36 in. clearance, a 500 gpm hose allowance and a 2-hour supply. FM Global Guides Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-8-24-idle-pallet-storage https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-8-24-idle-pallet-storage FM DS 8-24 idle pallet storage: outdoor separation from 15 to 150 ft, the 5 ft limit in production areas, plastic pallets as UUP and Table 3 protection. FM Global Guides Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-8-23-rolled-nonwoven-fabric-storage https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-8-23-rolled-nonwoven-fabric-storage FM DS 8-23 rolled nonwoven fabric: 30 ft ceiling limit on the floor, 12 K14.0 sprinklers at 75 psi in racks, no dry-pipe systems and the loft factor 25 rule. FM Global Guides Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-8-22-baled-fiber-storage https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-8-22-baled-fiber-storage FM DS 8-22 baled storage: 1,000 m2 outdoor piles and 6.1 m height, 150 m2 indoor piles, the 30% plastics threshold and the 2-hour water supply requirement. FM Global Guides Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-3-7-pump-acceptance-annual-test https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-3-7-pump-acceptance-annual-test FM DS 3-7 fire pump acceptance test: six flow points to 150%, 6 manual and 6 automatic starts, a 1-hour run, 65% pressure at 150% flow and speed correction. FM Global Guides Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-3-29-reliable-water-supply https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-3-29-reliable-water-supply FM DS 3-29 reliable water supply: preference order of 6 supply types, 8 conditions that undermine reliability and the loss data behind 80% of failures. FM Global Guides Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-3-26-water-demand-worked-example https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-3-26-water-demand-worked-example FM DS 3-26 water demand step by step: HC-1/2/3 density and area, 950 and 1,900 L/min hose allowances, 60 minutes and four worked examples from 91 to 450 m3. FM Global Guides Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-2-81-test-frequency-table https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-2-81-test-frequency-table FM DS 2-81 ITM frequencies: weekly valve checks, monthly physical tests, 3-yearly full-flow trip tests, the 120 ml obstruction rule and 30-minute diesel churn. FM Global Guides Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-2-0-pipe-sizing-hydraulic-criteria https://selvi.org/en/blog/fmglobal/ds-2-0-pipe-sizing-hydraulic-criteria FM DS 2-0 pipe sizing: default C=120 and C=100, 1 in. (25 mm) minimum size, grid and loop limits, 60 s water delivery and the 13.8 bar hydrostatic test. FM Global Guides Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/bykhy/bykhy-existing-buildings https://selvi.org/en/blog/bykhy/bykhy-existing-buildings BYKHY for existing buildings: the 19.12.2007 permit cut-off, change of use and major alterations, Part Ten escape rules and Article 165(1) sprinkler thresholds. BYKHY Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa/sprinkler-commissioning-protocol https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa/sprinkler-commissioning-protocol Sprinkler commissioning under NFPA 13-2025 Chapter 29: hydrostatic test (200 psi, 2 hours), flushing, dry pipe valve trip test, main drain test, checklist. NFPA Guides Thu, 08 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa/nfpa-standards-edition-years https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa/nfpa-standards-edition-years First, current and next edition years of all 246 active NFPA codes and standards, and where the 90 consolidated and 80 withdrawn documents went. NFPA Guides Mon, 05 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/bykhy/hose-reel-and-hydrant-extra-water-demand https://selvi.org/en/blog/bykhy/hose-reel-and-hydrant-extra-water-demand Water added to the tank for hose cabinets and hydrants: BYKHY Annex 8/C, the four routes of Article 92 and TS EN 12845 9.2, 9.6.4, 9.3.2, with a worked example. BYKHY Fri, 02 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/bykhy/what-is-a-fire-compartment https://selvi.org/en/blog/bykhy/what-is-a-fire-compartment Fire compartment under BYKHY: Article 4(tt) definition, Article 24 rules, Annex 1 hazard classes, Annex 4 maximum areas and Annex 3/B, 3/C fire resistance. BYKHY Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/saha/insurance-claim-denial-reasons https://selvi.org/en/blog/saha/insurance-claim-denial-reasons Unreported impairments, missing ITM records and occupancy drift from the design basis: three reasons fire claims are declined, and how to prevent them. Field Notes Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/saha/sprinkler-installation-mistakes-gallery https://selvi.org/en/blog/saha/sprinkler-installation-mistakes-gallery Deflector distance, duct and beam obstructions, painted heads, caps, escutcheons, orientation, hangers and storage clearance: 10 mistakes, sketched. Field Notes Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/sports-hall-and-stadium-fire-protection https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/sports-hall-and-stadium-fire-protection Sports hall and stadium fire protection: classification, high ceilings, under-stand spaces, smoke control, water supply, PA integration, BYKHY and a checklist. Solution Guides Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/residential-apartment-fire-protection https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/residential-apartment-fire-protection Residential fire protection: NFPA 13/13R and EN 16925, residential sprinklers, car parks and lockers, pressure, alarm and smoke control, BYKHY and a checklist. Solution Guides Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/saha/quick-response-vs-standard-response-sprinklers https://selvi.org/en/blog/saha/quick-response-vs-standard-response-sprinklers Quick vs standard response sprinklers: RTI, mandatory and prohibited uses, mixing rules, dry systems, ESFR and identifying them on site by SIN. Field Notes Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/plastics-injection-moulding-plant-fire-protection https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/plastics-injection-moulding-plant-fire-protection Plastics moulding plant fire protection: classification, hydraulic units, dust, plastics storage and ESFR, water supply, smoke venting, BYKHY and a checklist. Solution Guides Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/pharmaceutical-plant-cleanroom-fire-protection https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/pharmaceutical-plant-cleanroom-fire-protection Pharma fire protection: cleanroom sprinklers, pressure cascade and smoke scenario, solvents and ATEX, clean agents, firewater retention, BYKHY and a checklist. Solution Guides Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/office-building-fire-protection https://selvi.org/en/blog/cozumler/office-building-fire-protection Office fire protection: hazard class, concealed voids, archives and car parks, water supply, alarm and smoke control interface, Turkish rules and a checklist. Solution Guides Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-system-components-pipe-fittings-valves https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-system-components-pipe-fittings-valves NFPA 13 system components: pipe wall thickness by joining method, CPVC limits, fitting rules, indicating valves and control valve supervision. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-scope-purpose-structure https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-scope-purpose-structure What NFPA 13 covers, what it leaves to NFPA 20, 22, 24 and 25, how it is organised and why edition differences matter, explained by an engineer. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-residential-sprinklers https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-residential-sprinklers NFPA 13 residential sprinklers: where allowed, the four-adjacent-sprinkler and 0.1 gpm/ft² rule, deflector distances and differences from 13R and 13D. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-obstruction-rules https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-obstruction-rules NFPA 13 obstruction rules: the beam rule, the three-times rule and 600 mm (24 in) cap, sprinklers under obstructions over 4 ft wide, EC, residential and ESFR. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-extended-coverage-sprinklers https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-extended-coverage-sprinklers NFPA 13 EC sprinklers: listed square coverage up to 37.2 m² (400 ft²), 2.4 m minimum spacing, hydraulics on listed area and stricter obstruction rules. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-definitions-core-concepts https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-definitions-core-concepts Listed vs approved, quick response and RTI, obstructed construction, concealed spaces and area of operation in NFPA 13, and how each shapes design. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-plans-and-hydraulic-calculations https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-plans-and-hydraulic-calculations NFPA 13-2025 Chapter 28 working plans and hydraulics: Hazen-Williams, C-factors, equivalent lengths, junction balancing, supply curve and data sign. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-water-supplies https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-water-supplies NFPA 13 water supplies: acceptable sources, flow tests, safety margin, hose allowance and duration by hazard class, and how to size the tank. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-underground-piping https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-underground-piping Underground fire mains to NFPA 13-2025 Chapter 6 (from NFPA 24): pipe materials, cover depth, thrust blocks, restrained joints, flushing, 200 psi test. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-system-types https://selvi.org/en/blog/nfpa13/nfpa-13-system-types NFPA 13 system types: wet, dry, pre-action, deluge and antifreeze; the 30% area increase, dry system water delivery time and the listed antifreeze rule. NFPA 13 Clause Guide Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000