Antalya Kumluca and Adana consume Turkey's 45,000 t/y of pesticides. Bayer Crop, Syngenta, Hektas and Koruma Tarim operate warehouses. The 1986 Basel Sandoz fire flushed 1,000 t of pesticide into the Rhine. NFPA 400 mandates pesticide storage control, severity-based fire protection, secondary containment and ventilation.
Pesticide Classes
- Class 1: Extremely hazardous (WHO Ia)
- Class 2: High
- Class 3: Moderate
- Class 4: Slight
- Formulation: EC WP SC
Warehouse Design
- Separate building: No hospital/school nearby
- Secondary: 25 percent largest container
- Ventilation: 12 ACH
- Emergency eyewash: Within 10 s
- Shower: 4 m spacing
Fire Protection
- Sprinkler: OH2 12.2 L/min/m2
- Dry chemical: Small fire
- Foam: Solvent-based
- Runoff control: Sealed sump
- Smoke abatement: Toxic smoke
Sandoz Lessons
- 1 Nov 1986: Basel Sandoz
- Runoff: 10,000 m3 pesticide to Rhine
- Fish kill: 150 km downstream
- ARIA no. 3970: Record
- Outcome: 110 percent containment mandated
Turkey Sector
- Bayer Crop: Gebze plant
- Syngenta Adana: Distribution
- Hektas Kocaeli: 37,000 t/y
- Koruma Tarim Adapazari: Local
- Kumluca co-op: Farmer centre
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Sources & Further Reading
NFPA 400, FAO Pesticide Storage, WHO IPCS, Sandoz Bericht 1986, EPA FIFRA. NFPA 400 Hazardous Materials Code.