Sisecam Mersin, Kaleseramik Canakkale and Vitra Bozuyuk produce Turkey's 9 Mt of glass + ceramic. Glass kilns run at 1,600 C and ceramic tunnels at 1,300 C with natural-gas or oxy-fuel (95 percent O2) burners. NFPA 86 mandates BMS, pilot-flame supervision, 5-volume purge and cleaning of oxygen valves.
Kiln Types
- Glass end-port: Regenerative 1,600 C
- Glass oxy-fuel: Low NOx
- Ceramic tunnel: 1,300 C 50-100 m
- Electric arc: E-glass
- Float glass: Tin bath 1,100 C
NFPA 86 BMS
- Flame scanner: UV/IR pilot
- Purge: 5 volume changes
- Safety shut-off: Dual valve
- High-temp limit: Upper cut-off
- Manual reset: After trip
Oxy-Fuel Risk
- O2 purity: 95-99 percent
- O2 valve fire: No mineral oil
- Halocarbon: Does not burn with O2
- Critical velocity: <8 m/s pipe
- CGA G-4: O2 cleaning
Tunnel Kiln
- Entry zone: 150 C drying
- Firing zone: 1,300 C
- Cooling zone: 100 C
- Wagon: Refractory
- Emergency exhaust: 100 ACH leak
Turkey Plants
- Sisecam Mersin: 1.8 Mt float
- Sisecam Eskisehir: Soda glass
- Kaleseramik Canakkale: 110 Mm2
- Vitra Bozuyuk: 60 Mm2
- 2018 Sisecam fire: Regen maintenance
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Sources & Further Reading
NFPA 86, NFPA 85, CGA G-4, FM DS 6-10, TS EN 746. NFPA 86 Ovens and Furnaces.