Hypermarkets (BIM, A101, Carrefour SA, Migros, Metro) hold 10-20k m2 sales area plus rack storage. Racks are 10-14 m high with Class III-IV commodity. NFPA 13 ESFR (Early Suppression Fast Response) K25.2 nozzles at 12 bar eliminate in-rack sprinklers.
Commodity Classes
- Class I: Paper, metal
- Class II: Class I in cartons
- Class III: Wood, textile
- Class IV: III with plastic bags
- Group A plastic: Expanded polystyrene
ESFR Design
- K25.2: 12 bar 150 gpm
- K14 pendant: 3.4 bar standard
- Max rack height: 12.2 m K25
- Ceiling height: 13.7 m max
- 12 sprinklers: Worst-case design
Pump Calc
- Total Q: 12 * 150 * 3.785 = 6,800 L/min
- Hose: 950 L/min NFPA 13
- Duration: 60 min
- Tank: 464 m3
- Pump: 7,750 L/min, 15 bar
In-Rack Alternative
- Face sprinkler: Every 3 tiers
- Transverse flue: 76 mm min
- Longitudinal flue: 152 mm single row
- Plastic commodity: Face + long in-rack
- Class I-III: ESFR ceiling only suffices
Turkey Examples
- Carrefour SA Istanbul: 50+ stores ESFR
- Metro Cash & Carry: Ankara logistic 80,000 m2
- BIM Gebze warehouse: ESFR K25.2 standard
- Migros MMM: 500+ store chain
- Amazon Tuzla: 50,000 m2 logistics
MEP Calc — 86+ Engineering Calculators
MEP Calc bundles 86+ engineering modules in one iOS app: 21 fire calculations (sprinkler, fire pump, FM-200 clean agent) plus heating, cooling, HVAC, plumbing, steam and natural gas. Download it on the App Store.
Download MEP Calc on the App Store
Sources & Further Reading
NFPA 13, NFPA 230, FM DS 8-9, UL 199, ICC 500. NFPA 13 Standard for Sprinkler Systems.