An FPSO (Floating Production, Storage and Offloading) ship processes and stores offshore oil and gas. Turkey's Sakarya Gas Field (540 billion m3) uses an FPU. The 1988 Piper Alpha disaster killed 167 and changed FPSO design. NFPA 59A and API 14G apply offshore.
FPSO Design
- Tanker based: VLCC 300 m long
- Topside process: Separation, drying, compression
- Storage: 2 million bbl oil
- Turret mooring: Weather vane
- Examples: Johan Castberg, Liza Destiny
Topside Fire Protection
- Deluge water spray: 10.2 L/min/m2
- Foam: Helideck 6.5 L/min/m2
- CO2 / Novec: Generator room
- Structural: PFP jet fire rated
- ESD: Emergency Shutdown manifold
Blast and Fire Walls
- Blast wall: Living quarters protection
- A60 fire class: 60 min 945 C
- H120 offshore: 120 min hydrocarbon fire
- PFP epoxy: Intumescent 5-15 mm
- Watertight: SOLAS II-2 B-class
Piper Alpha Lessons
- Incident: 1988 North Sea
- Dead: 167
- Cause: Permit-to-work communication
- Lord Cullen: 106 recommendations
- Safety case regime: 1992 new
Sakarya Gas Field
- Reserve: 540 billion m3
- Depth: 2200 m sea floor
- Yildiz from shore: 170 km
- Filyos terminal: Onshore processing
- 2023 first gas: 10 million m3/day
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Sources & Further Reading
NFPA 59A, API 14G, API 2218, SOLAS II-2, Lord Cullen Piper Alpha. NFPA 59A LNG Standard.