Antalya Serik, Kumluca and Demre form the centre of Turkey's 35,000 ha of greenhouses producing 7 Mt/y for the EU. Modern greenhouses use polycarbonate or PE film with propane/LPG heaters plus CO2 fertigation. NFPA 1 requires clearance for heaters, LPG tank setback and addresses Class A plastic fire load.
Fire Load
- PE film: 4-6 MJ/m2
- Polycarbonate: V-2 UL 94
- Glass: Non-combustible
- Wood frame: 20-40 MJ/m2
- Plants: Light load, wet
Heater Risk
- LPG tank: NFPA 58 setback 3 m
- Propane unit heater: 1 m clearance
- Biomass: NFPA 85 flue
- Cogeneration: Gas engine + CO2
- Flue gas scrubber: CO <50 ppm
CO2 Fertigation
- Level: 800-1,500 ppm
- Source: Flue gas or liquid CO2
- Monitor: 5,000 ppm personnel alarm
- Ventilation: 60 ACH low-O2
- OSHA TLV: 5,000 ppm TWA
Greenhouse Ventilation
- Ridge vent: 15-30 percent floor
- Pad fan: 1.2 m/s
- 30 percent open: Natural
- Shade screen: 50 percent sun
- Heat removal: 80 percent delta
Historic Cases
- Antalya Kumluca 2019: Greenhouse fire 10 da
- Westland Netherlands: 12,000 ha world lead
- Netherlands 2018: Biomass blast
- Cannabis US: Solvent extraction
- Canada greenhouse: Major heater accidents
Greenhouses with MEP Calc
MEP Calc sizes greenhouse ventilation 30 percent ridge vent, pad fan 1.2 m/s, CO2 1,500 ppm fertigation and NFPA 1 LPG tank setback 3 m.
Download MEP Calc on the App Store
Sources & Further Reading
NFPA 1, NFPA 58, ASABE EP406, CIGR Section 1, Turkseb Antalya. NFPA 1 Fire Code.