Foam & Flammable Liquids
Foam Extinguishing in BYKHY: Articles 98 and 122
The Turkish Fire Protection Regulation gives no foam numbers: what Articles 98 and 122 require, the Guide's notes, new 98(7) and choosing NFPA 11 or EN 13565-2.
Foam & Flammable Liquids
Ignitable liquid classes, storage, tank protection and foam systems: NFPA 11, NFPA 30, EN 13565 and Turkish regulation clauses in plain language.
All articles
Foam & Flammable Liquids
BYKHY Fuel Station Requirements (Article 121)
BYKHY Article 121: underground tanks only, 45,000 litres per tank and 250,000 per station, dispenser rules, extinguishers and Annex 13 distances in the Guide.
Foam & Flammable Liquids
BYKHY Underground Tanks and Filling Points (Article 120)
BYKHY Article 120: underground tank cover (60 cm soil, 10 cm concrete), traffic slab, Annex 12/Ç distances, 4 m vent, tank fittings and filling points.
Foam & Flammable Liquids
BYKHY Aboveground Tanks: Annex 12/C Distances and Bunds
BYKHY Article 119: aboveground tank safety distances (Annex 12/C), bund volume and wall rules, protection zone and Annex 12/D for portable containers in Turkey.
Foam & Flammable Liquids
BYKHY Liquid Storage in Buildings: Annex 12/A and 12/B
BYKHY Article 118: 120-minute liquid warehouses, basement ban, 5 stacks 3 m apart, 12,500 litres IA equivalent, Annex 12/A and Annex 12/B for factory stores.
Foam & Flammable Liquids
BYKHY Hazard Zones for Liquids: Articles 116 and 117
BYKHY Articles 116 and 117: Zone 0, 1 and 2 definitions, equipment limits and zone sizes at stores, tanks, filling points and fuel stations in Turkey.
Foam & Flammable Liquids
BYKHY Annex 11 and Article 115: Liquid Quantity Limits
Turkish Fire Protection Regulation: Annex 11 notification and permit thresholds, Article 114 filling rule, Article 115 maximum quantities in rooms and shops.
Foam & Flammable Liquids
BYKHY Flammable Liquid Classes: Article 113
Classes IA to IIIB under Article 113 of the Turkish Fire Protection Regulation: flash and boiling point limits, the heated-liquid rule and exemptions.
Foam & Flammable Liquids
NFPA 11 Acceptance Tests and ITM Under NFPA 25
NFPA 11-2024 Chapters 12 and 13: flushing, hydrostatic and discharge tests, the −0/+30 % proportioning tolerance, signs, and ITM handed to NFPA 25.
Foam & Flammable Liquids
NFPA 11 High-Expansion Foam: Submergence and Rate
NFPA 11-2024 7.12: high-expansion foam depth and submergence volume, Table 7.12.7.1 times, the leakage and sprinkler discharge formula, worked example.
Foam & Flammable Liquids
NFPA 11 Foam Concentrate Supply and Proportioning
NFPA 11-2024 Chapter 4: foam concentrate quantity, 24-hour reserve, storage tanks, compatibility, proportioner types and concentrate pump rules.
Foam & Flammable Liquids
NFPA 11 Supplementary Foam Hose Streams and Monitors
NFPA 11-2024 5.9 and 5.2.4: number and duration of supplementary foam hose streams, monitors and handlines as primary tank protection, the 1.5 factor.
Foam & Flammable Liquids
NFPA 11 Dikes, Spill Areas and Loading Racks
NFPA 11-2024 foam for diked areas, nondiked spills and loading racks: 4.1 and 6.5 mm/min, 15/20/30 min times, low-level outlet spacing and examples.
Foam & Flammable Liquids
NFPA 11 Floating Roof Seal Protection: Over and Under
NFPA 11-2024 floating roof seal protection: top-of-seal 12.2 mm/min for 20 min, below-seal 20.4 mm/min for 10 min, foam dam, spacing and internal roofs.
Foam & Flammable Liquids
NFPA 11 Subsurface Foam Injection: Outlets and Velocity
NFPA 11-2024 subsurface and semi-subsurface foam injection: where it is allowed, outlet table, 3/6 m/s velocity limits, 4.1 mm/min and discharge times.
Foam & Flammable Liquids
NFPA 11 Fixed-Roof Tank Foam: Application Rate and Time
NFPA 11-2024 fixed foam outlets on cone-roof tanks: 4.1 mm/min rate, 30/55 min times, outlet count by diameter, the 70 % rule and a worked example.
Earlier posts on foam and ignitable liquids that stay in their own categories:
- Foam system design guide (start here)
- Foam-water sprinklers: NFPA 11 Chapter 6
- Refinery floating roof tanks
- AFFF, AR-AFFF and F3 foam compared
- AFFF to F3 foam transition
- Deluge system design
- Port tank farm (NFPA 30)
- Service station (NFPA 30A)
- EN 12845 Annex G: flammable liquid storage
- Helideck foam system
- FM DS 4-7N low-expansion foam
- FM DS 7-29 storage in portable containers
- FM DS 7-32 ignitable liquid operations
- FM DS 7-14 chemical plants
- Foam concentrate calculator