FM Global
FM Global DS 8-3: Rubber Tire Storage Summary
FM Global DS 8-3 summary: how tyres burn, stack arrangements, sprinkler and in-rack protection, drainage, outdoor tyre yards, NFPA 13 and EN 12845 differences.
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FM Global DS 8-21: Roll Paper Storage Summary
FM Global DS 8-21 summary: paper grade and weight, on-end and horizontal rolls, arrays, banding and wrapping, sprinkler design, water absorption and NFPA 13.
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FM Global DS 7-32: Ignitable Liquid Operations Summary
FM Global DS 7-32 summary: spray, pool and running fire scenarios, limiting release duration, emergency shut-off, drainage, sprinklers, NFPA 30 and ATEX.
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FM Global DS 7-29: Ignitable Liquid Storage in Portable Containers Summary
FM Global DS 7-29 summary: the ignitable liquid concept, container type, containment and drainage, segregation, sprinkler and foam-water protection, NFPA 30.
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FM Global DS 5-4: Transformers Summary
FM Global DS 5-4 summary: the transformer loss chain, condition monitoring, outdoor separation, fire barriers, oil containment, indoor vaults and water spray.
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FM Global DS 5-32: Data Centers and Related Facilities Summary
FM Global DS 5-32 summary: data centre loss drivers, sprinklers and pre-action, aisle containment, early smoke detection, Li-ion UPS and NFPA 75 differences.
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FM Global DS 4-9: Halocarbon and Inert Gas (Clean Agent) Systems Summary
FM Global DS 4-9 summary: halocarbon and inert gas agents, design concentration, door fan testing, venting, interlocks, and NFPA 2001 and EN 15004 differences.
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FM Global DS 4-7N: Low-Expansion Foam Systems Summary
FM Global DS 4-7N summary: foam expansion classes, concentrate–fuel compatibility, proportioning, application rate, fluorine-free shift, NFPA 11 vs EN 13565.
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FM Global DS 4-5: Portable Extinguishers Summary
FM Global DS 4-5 summary: fire classes under NFPA 10 and EN 2, agent selection by hazard, placement, training, maintenance and NFPA 10 and EN 3 differences.
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FM Global DS 4-4N: Standpipe and Hose Systems Summary
FM Global DS 4-4N summary: standpipes and hose stations, hose allowance, valve supervision, pressure regulation, and differences from NFPA 14 and EN 671.
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FM Global DS 4-2: Water Mist Systems Summary
FM Global DS 4-2 summary: water mist classes, how mist extinguishes, approval test limits, interlocks, and NFPA 750 and EN 14972 differences.
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FM Global DS 4-1N: Fixed Water Spray Systems Summary
FM Global DS 4-1N summary: the four objectives of water spray, nozzle aiming, deluge detection, hydraulics, drainage and the differences from NFPA 15.
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FM Global DS 4-0: Special Protection Systems Summary
FM Global DS 4-0 summary: when gaseous, foam, mist and water spray systems are justified, their link to sprinklers, interlocks, supervision and a checklist.
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FM Global DS 2-0: Automatic Sprinkler Installation Field Guide
Installation guidelines for automatic sprinklers under FM Global DS 2-0: FM Approved equipment, hazard classification HC-1 to HC-3, sprinkler spacing ...
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FM Global DS 2-0: High-Rise Sprinkler Design
High-rise sprinkler design under FM Global data sheets: DS 3-7 vertical zones (85 m) and no pumps in series, DS 3-11 pressure-reducing valve rules, DS 3-26 sprinkler selection and DS 2-8 riser details.
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FM Global DS 2-0: Special Sprinkler Design for Storage Areas
Special sprinkler design for storage areas under FM Global DS 2-0: storage height, in-rack versus ceiling-only protection, integration with DS 8-9, an...
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FM Global DS 2-0: Sprinkler Pipe and Hanger Systems in Detail
Pipe material selection, diameter, flow and velocity limits, hanger spacing tables, seismic bracing, where CPVC is accepted and grooved coupling pract...
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FM Global DS 2-1: Corrosion in Sprinkler Systems — MIC, Oxygen and Galvanic
Corrosion in automatic sprinkler systems under FM Global DS 2-1: microbiologically influenced corrosion, oxygen corrosion and galvanic attack, wet ver...
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FM Global DS 2-81: Inspection, Testing and Maintenance (ITM) Field Guide
The FM Global DS 2-81 inspection, testing and maintenance regime for sprinklers, pumps, alarms and dry pipe valves: weekly, monthly, annual, three-yea...
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FM Global DS 2-89: Sprinkler Pipe Friction Loss Tables (Hazen-Williams)
Using the FM Global DS 2-89 pipe friction loss tables: the Hazen-Williams relationship, the C=100 and C=120 steel pipe tables, cast iron and asbestos cement tables, DS 2-0 default C values and Table 16 equivalent lengths.
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FM Global DS 2-8: Earthquake Protection for Sprinkler Systems
Earthquake protection of water-based fire protection systems under FM Global DS 2-8: sway brace types and spacing, flexible couplings, seismic separat...
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FM Global DS 3-0: Fundamentals of Fire Protection Hydraulics
The hydraulic method behind sprinkler design under FM Global DS 3-0: the four governing relationships, K-factor and design density, building the deman...
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FM Global DS 3-0: The Hydraulically Most Demanding Sprinkler Area
Identifying and calculating the hydraulically most demanding sprinkler area under FM Global DS 3-0: selection criteria, step-by-step calculation, the ...
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FM Global DS 3-11: Pressure Reducing and Flow Control Valves
A field guide to pressure reducing and flow control valves under FM Global DS 3-11: PRV types, master versus zone arrangement, flow control valves, hi...
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FM Global DS 3-26: Fire Water Demand for Non-Storage Occupancies
Sprinkler water demand for offices, hotels, hospitals, shopping centres and light manufacturing under FM Global DS 3-26: hazard class mapping, density...
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FM Global DS 3-2: Fire Water Tank Heating Systems
Freeze protection for fire water tanks under FM Global DS 3-2: steam coils, electric immersion heaters, gas heaters, forced and gravity circulation, t...
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FM Global DS 3-2: Fire Water Tanks — Capacity, Material and Installation
Fire water tanks under FM Global DS 3-2: capacity calculation, capacity from the occupancy data sheet, FM 4020 steel tanks, concrete tanks, break tank rules, coating systems, anti-vortex plates and inspection intervals.
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FM Global DS 3-7 Fire Pumps: A Field Guide
FM Global DS 3-7 fire protection pumps in practice: pump room location and construction, alarms, suction and discharge piping rules, relief valves, pu...
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FM Global DS 3-7: Variable Speed Fire Pump (VSP) Design
Variable speed fire pump design under FM Global DS 3-7: FM's cautious position (3.1.11) as a last resort for excess pressure, pressure-limiting control, FM Approved controllers, bypass and acceptance testing.
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FM Global DS 7-112: Fire Protection for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)
BESS fire protection under FM Global DS 5-33 (DS 7-112 excludes energy storage systems): container design, mechanical ventilation, gas suppression, fire wall setback distances and ...
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FM Global DS 7-112: Fire Protection for Lithium-Ion Formation Areas
The formation stage, where cells are charged for the first time, carries the highest thermal runaway risk. FM Global DS 7-112 requires dedicated sprin...
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FM Global DS 7-112: Lithium-Ion Battery Manufacturing and Storage Fire Protection
Lithium-ion battery fire protection under FM Global DS 7-112: thermal runaway and reignition risk, sprinkler design by production stage, storage desig...
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FM Global DS 7-14: Fire Protection for Chemical Plants
Chemical plant fire protection under FM Global DS 7-14: flammable liquid classification, sprinkler and foam-water design, ATEX zoning, explosion relie...
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FM Global DS 7-78: Fire Protection of Industrial Exhaust Systems
Industrial exhaust fire protection under FM Global DS 7-78: solvent, grease, dust and hot exhaust systems, duct velocity and material rules, in-duct s...
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FM Global DS 8-1: Commodity Classification — Class 1 to 4 and Plastics
Commodity classification under FM Global DS 8-1: Class 1 to 4 definitions, expanded and unexpanded plastics, worked example lists, the effect of packa...
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FM Global DS 8-1: Mixed Commodity Storage Design
Mixed commodity storage under FM Global DS 8-1: the governing class rule, aisle separation, fire wall zoning and how the rules apply to e-commerce war...
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FM Global DS 8-34: Fire Protection for Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems
Fire protection for ASRS under FM Global DS 8-34: horizontal-loading mini-load and shuttle ASRS, top-loading ASRS, vertically enclosed units, in-rack sprinklers, detection and robot shutdown, and final extinguishment.
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FM Global DS 8-34: Mini-Load ASRS Design
Mini-load ASRS fire protection under FM Global DS 8-34: angle-iron racking, conditions for ceiling-only protection, in-rack levels at a maximum vertical distance of 3.0 or 4.6 m, open-top versus closed-top containers, detection and robot shutdown.
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FM Global DS 8-34: Shuttle ASRS Fire Protection in Detail
Shuttle ASRS fire protection under FM Global DS 8-34: slatted-shelf racking, conditions for ceiling-only protection, in-rack levels set by vertical distance (not every tier), open-top containers, detection and robot shutdown.
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FM Global DS 8-34: Top-Loading and Crane-Based ASRS
Top-loading ASRS (TL-ASRS) protection under FM Global DS 8-34: robot holding areas, very early warning detection, ceiling sprinkler tables, final extinguishment and fire service access; DS 8-9 for crane-based pallet AS/RS.
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FM Global DS 8-9: CMSA and In-Rack Sprinkler Detail
FM DS 8-9 in-rack sprinkler (IRAS) rules: when they are needed (Figure 3), 70 °C quick-response and minimum K115 above 115 L/min, face sprinklers within 450 mm,...
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FM Global DS 8-9: ESFR Detail — The K200, K360 and K480 Decision Matrix
FM DS 8-9 (April 2026 revision) ceiling-level Storage sprinkler tables: the quick-response pendent K200, K240, K320 and K360 rows of Tables 7 and...
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FM Global DS 8-9: Special Rules for Plastic Commodity Storage
Plastics in FM DS 8-9: the four classes (cartoned/uncartoned × expanded/unexpanded), the 1.8 m scope threshold, ceiling designs in Tables 3-6 and...
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FM Global DS 8-9: Sprinkler Design for Class 1 to 4 and Plastic Commodity Storage
The FM DS 8-9 (March 2010, April 2026 rev.) design flow: 3.0 / 1.8 m scope thresholds, eight commodity classes, single/double/multiple-row racks...