Zorlu Center 103,000 m2, Istinye Park 85,000 m2 and Forum Istanbul 175,000 m2 host Turkey's biggest mall atriums. A 4-storey 25 m atrium sees 80,000 daily visitors. NFPA 92 requires atrium smoke control with 1.8 m clear height, CFD FDS 6 modelling, 400 C 2 h exhaust fans and balanced makeup air.
Atrium Geometry
- Height: 20-40 m typical
- Open balcony: 4-6 storeys
- Shop opening: Open to atrium
- Glass roof: Skylight smoke vent
- Foot traffic: 80,000/day peak
NFPA 92 Calc
- Clear height: 1.8 m above egress
- Smoke layer: Z = layering depth
- Exhaust rate: m = 0.071 Q^1/3 z^5/3
- Makeup air: 60 percent of exhaust
- Egress time: 6 min before layering breaks
CFD FDS
- Fire Dynamics Simulator: NIST
- Mesh: 10-20 cm cell
- Design HRR: 5 MW retail
- Steady state: 20 min run
- ASET vs RSET: Safe egress
Exhaust Fan
- Capacity: 50-200 m3/s
- 400 C 2 h: Smoke-rated
- Motor out of flow: Heat isolation
- Redundancy: N+1
- Control: FSCS panel
Turkey Malls
- Zorlu Center: 103,000 m2
- Istinye Park: 85,000 m2
- Forum Istanbul: 175,000 m2
- Mall of Istanbul: 155,000 m2
- 2022 BAU Mall: Smoke control project
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Download SprinkCalc on the App StoreNFPA 92, NFPA 101, IBC 909, NIST FDS 6, Zorlu Center projects. NFPA 92 Smoke Control Systems.