Mall Atrium: NFPA 92 Smoke Control, CFD FDS and Zorlu Center 103,000 m2

Zorlu Center 103,000 m2, Istinye Park 85,000 m2 and Forum Istanbul 175,000 m2 host Turkey's biggest mall atriums. A 4-storey 25 m atrium sees 80,000 daily visitors. NFPA 92 requires atrium smoke control with 1.8 m clear height, CFD FDS 6 modelling, 400 C 2 h exhaust fans and balanced makeup air.

Atrium Geometry

• Height: 20-40 m typical
• Open balcony: 4-6 storeys
• Shop opening: Open to atrium
• Glass roof: Skylight smoke vent
• Foot traffic: 80,000/day peak

NFPA 92 Calc

• Clear height: 1.8 m above egress
• Smoke layer: Z = layering depth
• Exhaust rate: m = 0.071 Q^1/3 z^5/3
• Makeup air: 60 percent of exhaust
• Egress time: 6 min before layering breaks

CFD FDS

• Fire Dynamics Simulator: NIST
• Mesh: 10-20 cm cell
• Design HRR: 5 MW retail
• Steady state: 20 min run
• ASET vs RSET: Safe egress

Exhaust Fan

• Capacity: 50-200 m3/s
• 400 C 2 h: Smoke-rated
• Motor out of flow: Heat isolation
• Redundancy: N+1
• Control: FSCS panel

Turkey Malls

• Zorlu Center: 103,000 m2
• Istinye Park: 85,000 m2
• Forum Istanbul: 175,000 m2
• Mall of Istanbul: 155,000 m2
• 2022 BAU Mall: Smoke control project

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